After 16 months of debate, the Continental Congress, sitting in its temporary capital of York, Pennsylvania, agrees to adopt the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union on November 15, 1777. Not until March 1, 1781 would the last of the 13 states, Maryland, ratify the agreement.
In 1777, Patriot leaders, stinging from British oppression, were reluctant to establish any form of government that might infringe on the right of individual states to govern their own affairs. The Articles of Confederation, then, provided for only a loose federation of American states. Congress was a single house, with each state having one vote, and a president elected to chair the assembly. Although Congress did not have the right to levy taxes, it did have authority over foreign affairs and could regulate a national army and declare war and peace. Amendments to the Articles required approval from all 13 states. On March 2, 1781, following final ratification by the 13th state, the Articles of Confederation became the law of the land.
Less than five years after the ratification of the Articles of Confederation, enough leading Americans decided that the system was inadequate to the task of governance that they peacefully overthrew their second government in just over 20 years. The difference between a collection of sovereign states forming a confederation and a federal government created by a sovereign people lay at the heart of debate as the new American people decided what form their new government would take.
In 1787, an extra-legal body met in seclusion during Philadelphia’s summer heat to create this new government. On March 4, 1789, the modern United States was established when the U.S. Constitution formally replaced the Articles of Confederation.
Between 1776 and 1789, Americans went from living under a sovereign king, to living in sovereign states, to becoming a sovereign people. That transformation defined the American Revolution.
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And the Articles – the real Constitution – was wiped away in secret, by the Eurobankster mafia/secret society whores, at Philadelphia in 1787:
BLURB:
https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/18135874-conspiracy-in-philadelphia
“Perpetual Union” – we were screwed from the start.
Right? The free may always secede.
Here in the Dystopian States of Hell all is well .Our fearless leader the walking corpse is tounging little girls ears and all hell is breaking loose.
But whether the Constitution really be one thing, or another, this much is certain – that it has either authorized such a government as we have had, or has been powerless to prevent it. In either case, it is unfit to exist.
Lysander Spooner
Well stated.
How are we bound by any contract we had no hand in drafting or signing?
“And yet we have what purports, or professes, or is claimed, to be a contract—the Constitution—made eighty years ago, by men who are now all dead, and who never had any power to bind us, but which (it is claimed) has nevertheless bound three generations of men, consisting of many millions, and which (it is claimed) will be binding upon all the millions that are to come; but which nobody ever signed, sealed, delivered, witnessed, or acknowledged; and which few persons, compared with the whole number that are claimed to be bound by it, have ever read, or even seen, or ever will read, or see.”
― Lysander Spooner, No Treason: The Constitution of No Authority (1867)
https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/2095916-no-treason-the-constitution-of-no-authority
http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/bright/Spooner/Spooner_1483_Bk.pdf
“Don’t look back, you can never look back” Don Henley.
AofC was the high point of the American Experiment. It’s been all downhill since and we’re picking up speed.
Taxation is an attribute of sovereignty. An Income tax on Sovereign Citizens is not consistent with Constitutional authorization nor does statutory authorization for such a tax exist. The 16rh, Amendment does not extend, nor reduce, any Constitutional power to tax. The nation is being decimated with this transfer of wealth to financiers via a Ponzi scheme. Ref.
; THE INCOME TAX SCAM & 87,000 ARMED IRS AGENTS
That you have to make a legal case exposes the failure of the system.
It started off well enough until the blatant lies of the third paragraph when I remembered the source of the article.
There is zero evidence for the case that “Americans” wanted a replacement. It was only the Luciferian traitors who instigated the coup known as the US Constitution under a cloak of secrecy.
Ken31
Exactly, Ken
First of all, (though of importance to no one but me) everyone who uses the word ‘governance’ when what is meant is ‘government’ is an unctuous, mealy-mouthed, duplicitous worm.
Second of all, it was never intended to be “A Government”. This was a mutual defense pact, just like NATO. Also just like NATO, some members ended up bearing the brunt of the financial burden of war. That there was, to some extent, a free-rider problem is not a justification for a centralized government. Especially when the ONLY argument in favor of such a government was to consolidate enough power to use force to compel some States to pay their “fair share” (sound familiar?) of other State’s war debt.
The Constitution is a decent document outlining the structure of a republic. That is, there aren’t that many truly objectionable things IN the document to protest (though there are some). The problem is that it’s a Constitution for a centralized government that did not need to exist, and is therefore an abomination no matter how lovely a theoretical government it outlines.
The people, of course, were snowed by the language of lawyers, the insistence of liars, and … most of all … fear.
They feared the threat of future war with Britain, or Spain, or even their benefactors in France. The devious men who wanted a single, all-powerful, centralized government played on those fears and told the people that all of the American states would fall back under the domination of European powers unless they did this — ratify the new government.
It just sounds so very damned familiar after these last 3 years. Fear! Trust the experts! If you don’t do what the experts tell you, a horrible fate lies ahead.
I’ve said before that the same play will be used for the unification of the U.S. with Mexico and Canada, and then with the E.U., and Australia/NZ.
“Everybody’s in debt!” “Everybody has to pay their fair share!” “We need a supranational government with the power to tax in order to solve our problems or we’ll all individually sink into chaos!”
It’s still coming. Wait for it.