Story at-a-glance
- N-acetylcysteine (NAC) boosts production of glutathione, an important antioxidant that helps reduce free radical damage and plays a role in the detoxification of heavy metals and other harmful substances
- In emergency medicine, NAC is used as an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity resulting from an overdose. Mortality due to acetaminophen toxicity is largely eliminated when NAC is promptly administered
- The most common use of NAC is for liver support, but it’s also showing tremendous promise in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease
- NAC also shows particular promise in the treatment of mental health disorders, including PTSD, depression and drug abuse, and appears to improve fertility in both men and women
- NAC is safe and inexpensive, and has been commercially available for a long time. It’s also generally well-tolerated and has no known serious side effects
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) — a precursor which is needed for glutathione biosynthesis — is an incredibly useful supplement that few people have even heard of. Many of its benefits relate back to the fact that it helps boost production of glutathione, an important antioxidant your body produces naturally that helps reduce free radical damage and plays a role in the detoxification of heavy metals and other harmful substances.
NAC is both safe and inexpensive, and has been commercially available for a long time. It’s also generally well-tolerated and has no known serious side effects. Considering its wide array of health benefits, it’s a supplement worthy of consideration for many. As noted in a medical review of NAC’s many clinical uses, it is a:1
“… Potential treatment option for diseases characterized by the generation of free oxygen radicals. Studies have shown no maternal or fetal harmful effects of NAC treatment … NAC prevents apoptosis [editor’s note: programmed cell death] and oxygen related genotoxicity in endothelial cells by increasing intracellular levels of glutathione and decreasing mitochondrial membrane depolarization.”
NAC Helps Counter Toxic Effects of Alcohol
NAC supplementation can also help “pre-tox” your body when taken before alcohol, thereby minimizing the damage associated with alcohol consumption — a tidbit that may be useful to know in light of the approaching holidays. NAC is a form of the amino acid cysteine, which in addition to increasing glutathione also reduces acetaldehyde toxicity that causes many hangover symptoms.2
Taking NAC (at least 200 milligrams) 30 minutes before you drink can help lessen the alcohol’s toxic effects. NAC is thought to work even better when combined with vitamin B1 (thiamine).3 Vitamin B6 may also help to lessen hangover symptoms.
Since alcohol depletes B vitamins, and B vitamins are required to help eliminate alcohol from your body, a B vitamin supplement taken beforehand, as well as the next day, can be helpful. All of that said, it’s important to realize that this protocol will not reduce your susceptibility to alcohol poisoning or other acute adverse events associated with binge drinking, so please use common sense and drink responsibly.
NAC Is a Potent Antidote to Acetaminophen Toxicity
NAC is also used in medicine as an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. Like alcohol, one way that acetaminophen causes liver damage is by depleting glutathione. If you keep your glutathione levels up, the damage from the acetaminophen may be largely preventable. This is why anyone who overdoses on Tylenol receives large doses of NAC in the emergency room — to increase glutathione.
Mortality due to acetaminophen toxicity has actually been shown to be virtually eliminated when NAC is promptly administered in cases of acetaminophen overdose. While I generally do not recommend using acetaminophen-containing drugs for minor aches and pains, they are sometimes necessary to temporarily suppress severe pain, such as post-surgical pain. So, if you ever use acetaminophen I strongly recommend taking it along with NAC.
And, if you have children and keep acetaminophen in your home, I strongly recommend keeping a bottle of NAC as well in case of accidental overdose. NAC therapy should be initiated within eight hours of an acute overdose for best results. If you suspect an overdose has occurred, seek medical help right away. If this isn’t an option, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the following protocol:4
“Oral administration is the preferred route for NAC therapy unless contraindications exist (e.g aspiration, persistent vomiting). The usual recommended loading dose is 140 mg/kg followed in 4 hours by a maintenance dose of 70 mg/kg orally given every 4 hours.
This dosing is commonly recommended to be continued for 72 hours; however more recent clinical experience supports tailoring the duration of therapy to the patient’s clinical condition.”
NAC Offers Important Liver Support
The most common use of NAC is for liver support in general. A 2010 study5 — in which it was noted that the antioxidant resveratrol has been found to enhance replication of the hepatitis C virus and hence is not a suitable supplement for those with hepatitis C — suggests NAC may be a better alternative for this and other chronic liver diseases.
“Consistently, we found that [NAC] modulates the expression of iNOS [editor’s note: iNOS is an inducible and calcium-dependent isoform of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase or NOS, which helps synthesize nitric oxide] in human hepatocytes stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines,” the authors write.
“The effect occurs by blocking the activation of the iNOS promoter, and is associated with modulation of NF-κB activity, a central transcription factor for induction of iNOS expression. The biological phenomenon might well be the basis of the therapeutic effects of NAC on chronic liver diseases different from those caused by acetaminophen intoxication.”
Other Health Benefits of NAC
Aside from its hepatoprotective effects, research suggests NAC may also help:6,7,8
Prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation | Improve muscle performance |
Prevent contrast-induced kidney damage during imaging procedures | Protect against Alzheimer’s disease when taken in combination with lipoic acid |
Attenuate influenza when started before infection | Reduce symptoms associated with ulcerative colitis |
Treat pulmonary fibrosis | Prevent asthma |
Improve male fertility by improving sperm quality, and treat infertility in female patients with clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome. It’s also been shown to reduce risk of premature birth and miscarriage | Treat certain forms of cancer and protect against toxicity of radiotherapy; DNA damage has been shown to be “completely blocked” by NAC.
Beware that some of the evidence suggests NAC may not work well with some forms of chemotherapy, so do not use as a cancer treatment adjunct without consulting your doctor |
Decrease frequency, duration and symptoms in patients with chronic bronchitis | Improve symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease and ALS |
Treat HIV infection | Reduce tissue inflammation |
Reduce your risk of insulin resistance | Reduce symptoms associated with schizophrenia |
Prevent addictive behaviors such as binge eating, drug addiction (especially cocaine addiction) and other compulsive behaviors such as nail biting by normalizing the neurotransmitter glutamate | Prevent depression, bipolar disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, and improve daily function in those with these disorders |
Improve intestinal barrier function, reducing your risk of leaky gut | Enhancing the regeneration of bone; speeding up bone mineralization |
Improve sleep and reduce snoring in those with obstructive sleep apnea | Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome |
Increase survival rate in patients with chronic heart failure | Increase survival rate in patients who have had a heart attack |
Reduce your risk of heart disease | Aid in recovery from brain injury |
Treat Helicobacter pylori infection when used as an adjunct to other therapy | Protect against gentamicin-induced hearing loss in patients on renal dialysis |
NAC Offers Hope for Patients With Parkinson’s and Other Neurodegenerative Conditions
As you can see, the list of NAC’s potential uses is quite long; there’s even evidence it may be an effective remedy against acne, decreasing acne outbreaks by about half.9 Some of its most promising uses is as a neuroprotectant. Scientists are currently investigating it as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease — a disorder that has been linked to glutathione deficiency in the substantia nigra, a region that houses dopamine neurons.10
Research looking at autopsied brains suggests Parkinson’s patients have barely detectable levels of glutathione in this brain region. This deficiency is not restricted to Parkinson’s, however.
Subsequent studies have found glutathione deficiency in the substantia nigra is common in a number of other neurodegenerative conditions as well, including progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy and Alzheimer’s disease.11 As noted in an article by Science of Parkinson’s:12
“Researchers have subsequently found that decreased levels of glutathione does not directly result in dopamine cell loss … but it does make the cells more vulnerable to damaging agents (such as neurotoxins …) This has [led] investigators to ask whether administering glutathione to people with Parkinson’s disease would slow [down] the condition.”
In one small-scale clinical trial,13 600 milligrams (mg) of intravenous glutathione was administered twice a day for 30 days, after which the patients were monitored for up to four months. All experienced significant improvement, with an average decline in disability of 42%. The effects lasted for two to four months after the treatment ended.
Other studies have confirmed the usefulness of NAC in the treatment of Parkinson’s. Several are discussed on Science of Parkinson’s, so for more information, please see that original article.14
As just one example, a randomized study15,16 on 23 patients found a combination of 600 mg of oral NAC twice a day plus a weekly IV infusion of NAC at 50 mg per kilogram of body weight, had a very consistent, neuroprotective effect, improving patients’ mental and physical abilities. Brain imaging also confirmed beneficial changes were in fact occurring in the brain.
PTSD, Depression and Treatment of Addiction
Another area where NAC shows particular promise is in the treatment of mental health disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and substance use disorders. In one study,17 PTSD symptoms in war veterans decreased by 46%, substance use cravings by 81%, and depression by 48% after NAC treatment. Here, patients took 2,400 mg of NAC a day for eight weeks.
As a group, the veterans no longer met diagnostic criteria for PTSD at the end of their treatment. This, lead author Sudie Back, Ph.D., said, “are some of the best outcomes we have seen in the literature for a medication.” As reported by Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC):18
“Currently, there are no well-explored pharmacological treatments for patients with co-occurring PTSD and substance use disorder. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, a class of drugs used as antidepressants, have been approved by the FDA for treatment of PTSD, pharmacological treatments for co-occurring conditions haven’t been as effective as some hoped for.
Groundbreaking basic science research by [Back and Peter Kalivas, Ph.D., chairman of the department of neuroscience at MUSC] has shown that levels of glutamate transporters in the brain are decreased in substance use disorders, and NAC can help restore those levels and guard against relapse in animal models of substance use disorder.
Because evidence suggests that substance use disorder and PTSD share overlapping neurobiological pathways, Sudie Back … hypothesized that NAC treatment with therapy would be a novel approach to treating the co-occurring conditions. Back is a professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at MUSC and a staff psychologist at the Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center.”
In studies19 looking at NAC for bipolar depression, individuals taking 1 gram of NAC twice a day for two months reduced their depression score by eight points and reported improvement in functioning and quality of life. It’s also been shown to help those with treatment resistant depression and, to a lesser degree, major depressive disorder.
Do beware, however, that NAC may interact with certain antidepressants if you take them together, making the antidepressant more potent. As a result, you need to work with your doctor as you may need to reduce the dose of your antidepressant medication if you take it concomitant with NAC.
NAC May Improve Fertility in Both Men and Women
The last area I will home in on here is fertility, as both male and female infertility are on the rise. A number of studies20 have demonstrated the benefits of NAC for fertility in both men and women. As noted above, NAC has been shown to improve sperm quality in men.
It’s also been shown to improve the ovulation rate in women by 52%.21 In this study, women took 1,200 mg per day of oral NAC for five days, starting on the third day of their menstrual cycle. Endometrial thickness also significantly improved.
Other research shows NAC helps improve the quality of a woman’s eggs22 — a factor that can improve your chances of not only getting pregnant naturally, but also improve your odds of successful IVF treatment. It also lowers your risk of miscarriage, and increases the pregnancy rate in women who have had recurrent miscarriages.23
Endometriosis, which is a common cause for female infertility, is also improved by NAC supplementation.24 In one Italian study,25 women who took 600 mg of NAC three times a day for three consecutive days per week, for three months, saw such significant improvement that half of the treatment group — 24 out of 47 — were able to cancel their surgeries.
Eight of the 47 women receiving NAC had complete remission of cysts. In comparison, only one of the 45 women in the control group (which received a placebo) was able to cancel her surgery and only four had remission of cysts.
General Dosing and Safety Guidelines
NAC is widely available as an oral dietary supplement and is relatively inexpensive. Unfortunately, it’s rather poorly absorbed when taken orally. According to some studies,26,27 oral bioavailability may range between 4 and 10%. Its half-life is also in the neighborhood of two hours, which is why most study subjects take it two or three times a day.
Due to its poor bioavailability, the recommended dosage can go as high as 1,800 mg per day. No maximum safe dose has yet been determined, but as a general rule, it’s well-tolerated, although some do experience gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, diarrhea or constipation. Should this occur, reduce your dosage. It’s also best taken in combination with food, to reduce the likelihood of gastrointestinal effects.
Also keep in mind that since NAC boosts glutathione, which is a powerful detox agent, you may experience debilitating detox symptoms if you start with too high a dose. To avoid this, start low, with say 400 to 600 mg once a day, and work your way up. Also, if you are currently taking an antidepressant or undergoing cancer treatment, be sure to discuss the use of NAC with your physician, as it may interact with some antidepressants and chemotherapy.
It is my sincere desire to provide readers of this site with the best unbiased information available, and a forum where it can be discussed openly, as our Founders intended. But it is not easy nor inexpensive to do so, especially when those who wish to prevent us from making the truth known, attack us without mercy on all fronts on a daily basis. So each time you visit the site, I would ask that you consider the value that you receive and have received from The Burning Platform and the community of which you are a vital part. I can't do it all alone, and I need your help and support to keep it alive. Please consider contributing an amount commensurate to the value that you receive from this site and community, or even by becoming a sustaining supporter through periodic contributions. [Burning Platform LLC - PO Box 1520 Kulpsville, PA 19443] or Paypal
-----------------------------------------------------
To donate via Stripe, click here.
-----------------------------------------------------
Use promo code ILMF2, and save up to 66% on all MyPillow purchases. (The Burning Platform benefits when you use this promo code.)
The Use of N-Acetylcysteine as a Chelator for Metal Toxicity
In this chapter, the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a chelator of heavy metals are examined. In a systematic review to identify studies, NAC was shown to chelate toxic metals in 33 animal studies. Metals that were removed in these studies included mercury, lead, cadmium, aluminum, arsenic, and gold. Fifteen human studies were identified. These studies reported no significant adverse effects and no effects on essential metals. Metals removed in these human studies included mercury, lead, gold, and arsenic. However, because of the preliminary nature of these studies, the overall rating was C due to limited evidence, although one double-blind placebo-controlled study using NAC in human lead exposure was promising. The use of NAC as a chelator of heavy metals appears to be a promising area of medical research and further clinical studies to verify these preliminary findings are warranted.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-10-5311-5_10
Been taking it daily and stocked up. There was talk the FDA was going to ban NAC last year. Haven’t heard anything more.
The bastards at the FDA are looking to control all vitamins and supplements.
Virtually every supplement and many pharmaceuticals are made or processed in China. China wants to take over the world. Any questions?
Well, it’s not all roses and tulips. This is an excerpt from the book “Super Gut” by William Davis, MD. A book I highly recommend.
“Biofilm disruption is, however, an unhealthy practice outside the few days it’s used in purposeful eradication of SIBO. I cringe when I hear that some people are taking NAC as part of an effort, for instance, to preserve brain health because of NAC’s ability to enhance the brain antioxidant glutathione- all the while they are disrupting the mucus lining of the GI tract, a potentially dangerous practice over the long term…”
Yes cerritos Co2!
Side effects. Some of the side effects that may be caused by NAC include:
Upset stomach
Diarrhea
Fatigue
Skin rash
Risks. If you have asthma or bleeding problems, your doctor may tell you to avoid NAC. You will likely be told to stop NAC 2 weeks before any elective surgery.
If you’re pregnant or breastfeeding, you must check with a doctor before using NAC supplements.
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/n-acetyl-cysteine-uses-and-risks
Interesting, thanks. I wonder if, like all things ingested, some people are just taking too much.
I’ve been taking it daily for years, and had no issues, nor any of the symptoms that Anonymous has listed above. One 750-1000mg pill (depending on which brand I bought) a day. Certainly does help with a mild hangover.
Want NAC in your diet without adding another $0.40 capsule to your daily regimen?
According to the USDA, these are the top 10 foods containing the most amino acids in the cystine form:
Lean Pork Chops
Skirt Steak Beef
Lean Chicken Breast
Tuna
Lentils
Oatmeal
Eggs
Low-Fat Yogurt
Sunflower Seeds
Swiss Cheese
https://www.livestrong.com/article/531520-food-sources-of-n-acetyl-cysteine/
Hmmm, why low-fat yogurt. Why lean meat? Does fat interfere with absorption? I don’t eat low fat anything.
Pretty sure the “low-fat” detail is not as relevant as much as it is political.
Right? Pretty sure fat enhances absorption.
Certainly enhances the flavor profile.
shh quiet, before big brother takes notice and bans you from having it. During my illness the last several years i’ve been using it, found it the top supplement for general well being and extra energy.
TPTB are trying to do to NAC what they did to Ivermectin…jus sayin.
if musk is involved do not take it, hes another genocidal maniac here to depopulate the world , him and trump and their billionaire buddies
But E.M. isn’t mentioned in article, botly.
I took N-Acetylcysteine right at the beginning of the fraud and since then, thank God, I haven’t had any health problems.