Uncles Great and Small

Guest Post by Eric Peters

The assault on VW for “cheating” Uncle is metastasizing.VW lead

The little Uncles – state governments –  are piling on.

Five of them (New Jersey, Texas, New Mexico, Kentucky and West Virginia) have formally filed civil lawsuits over the TDI diesel emissions “scandal,” seeking millions of dollars in fines.

48 state-level attorney generals are “investigating” VW.

This on top of the federal witch hunt launched by the U.S. Justice (sic) Department in January that hopes to milk $46 billion out of VW AG (which includes Audi and Porsche).

Even for a major corporation, that’s a lot of coin. If the Feds are successful, it will likely mean der untergang for VW.

The Justice Department accuses VW of “violating clean air laws,” but the interesting thing about that is the “laws” at issue are actually regulatory edicts issued by EPA, which is not a legislative branch of the government. Not that this is of any importance, of course. The federal government long ago ceased paying even lip service to that “goddamn piece of paper” (as The Chimp styled it) called the Constitution that’s supposed to serve as the owner’s manual for the form of government we’re repeatedly told we live under but which we haven’t actually enjoyed for decades – if ever.VW graphic

What happens is, Congress passes vaguely worded laws – in this case, the Clean Air Act and its amendments – and unelected bureaucracies such as EPA are given wide latitude to divine and then “implement” their interpretation of what Congress intended. This amounts to giving bureaucracies such as the EPA de jure (as the lawyers style it) legislative power, something never authorized by the Constitution much less agreed to by the public.

So much for “consent of the governed,” eh?

That’s obnoxious all by itself.

But if the facts about the VW “cheating” scandal were explained to people, most of them would agree the witch hunt is just that.

A witch hunt.

And they’d be outraged.

The automaker is accused of embedding code in the software that controls the operation of its TDI diesel engines (about 580,000 of them) that enabled them to get through Uncle’s Byzantine emissions testing protocols while emitting “up to 40 times” the legally allowable maximum of exhaust emissions in real-world driving.

Note the weasel words.

Not “40 times.”

Up to” 40 times.VW graphic 2

You may be familiar with this sort of distinction.

One encounters it all the time in advertising. “Up to” to 40 times could be 40 times but more than likely is 2 or 3 times.

Maybe less.

As in, “You could earn up to $100,000 a month filling out envelopes at home!”

And you could. Anything is possible.

But probably, you will earn $10.

And the envelope-stuffing company didn’t defraud you. After all, they didn’t promise you’d earn $100,000.

They told  you could earn up to $100,000.

Remember this when you hear Uncles big and and small screech about VW’s sins.VW CEO

The other thing people haven’t had explained to them is that the “up to 40 times” thing is minuscule even if it were actually 40 times (and not merely “up to” 40 times).

How much is “40 times” a fraction of a percent?

It’s not a big number.

Or rather, a large volume.

That’s how you measure exhaust gasses. By volume. The diesel engines being crucified may emit fractionally more of the proscribed pollutant but their total output of potentially harmful pollutants is extremely small – as is true of all modern internal combustion engines, whether diesel or gas.

But this is particularly true with regard to diesels – which burn less fuel. And so emit less gas (all else being equal) than a comparably sized gas-burning engine. Which means their total output of whatever the at-issue byproduct is, will be less overall. Put another way, a 50-MPG diesel-powered car is inherently cleaner than a 30 MPG gas-engined car.

No one seems to be interested. Or care.

I’ve been trying, as an automotive journalist, to get the word out that literally 95-plus percent of any modern car’s exhaust stream is composed primarily of water vapor and carbon dioxide; that the diminishing returns being pursued at cost-no-object are the remaining 3-5 percent of the exhaust stream.VW graphic 3

VW is being mauled over this.

Rather, we are being mauled over this.

We are the ones who ultimately pay the price – in the form of diminished (or nonexistent) access to affordable, efficient diesel-powered cars. In the form of lost jobs (not just at VW; the ripple effects through the supply chain will potentially affect millions of people, ultimately).

And it won’t be you and I who pocket the fines filched by Uncles great and small.    

So – as the Latin saying has it – cui bono?

Who benefits?

I think we know the answer to that one.

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6 Comments
Ed
Ed
March 25, 2016 9:17 am

These state lawsuits seem frivolous. I remember the state lawsuits against “Big Tobacco” which were taken over by the USAG, and I remember thinking : ‘now why aren’t the legal departments of these tobacco corporations challenging the suits on the grounds of lack of standing to sue?’.

‘Course, I’m not a lawyer or a judge so my question may have been retarded, but it did occur to me at the time. This current witch hunt, as Eric calls it, seems even more to me to be a case of state governments having no standing to bring these lawsuits.

Where are the injured parties? What relationship does a state government have to any injured party, if one actually could be found? As far as injury goes, I doubt a case could even be made for butt hurt by any AG of any state over VW’s alleged crime against humanity here. Maybe they’re basing their suits on imaginary or perceived butt hurt, what do I know?

Not being a lawyer or a judge, I guess I’ll never be able to understand what goes on in the minds of the members of their twisted tribe. Lawyers seem to do things for reasons that wouldn’t even occur to normal people.

Suzanna
Suzanna
March 25, 2016 10:55 am

Mr Peters,

Thank you for the explanation. A few others came out with
similar data just after the “scandal” broke.

I would like to have one of these cars. Apparently the Germans
are working on a variety of new car engine technologies that
could change the whole fuel paradigm. I think this is a preemptive
strike against VW trying to get them out of the market.

Anonymous
Anonymous
March 25, 2016 11:44 am

Ya’ know …………

I wish someone would conduct a real world test on the VW TDI’s as they are used in normal use and compare that result with the same testing performed on other diesel vehicles under the same conditions. Maybe gasoline ones as well.

Theoretical bench testing may or may not have any relation to what happens the real world of normal use, but unless someone devises and conducts a test for it there is no way to know.

rhs jr
rhs jr
March 25, 2016 1:42 pm

Just a stupid farmer speaking, if you banned diesel tractors and required gas ones, your food would probably go up 10%.

Flying Monkey
Flying Monkey
March 26, 2016 7:53 am

“But this is particularly true with regard to diesels – which burn less fuel. And so emit less gas (all else being equal) than a comparably sized gas-burning engine. Which means their total output of whatever the at-issue byproduct is, will be less overall. Put another way, a 50-MPG diesel-powered car is inherently cleaner than a 30 MPG gas-engined car.”

True, a diesel will burn a lower volume of fuel. Diesel fuel is more dense than gasoline and that means it has a higher carbon content per volume than does gasoline. Gasoline has a density from 0.71–0.77 kg/L and diesel is 0.832 kg/L (11%). A carbon atom has a molecular weight of 12 versus hydrogen of 1. The diesel has a longer hydrocarbon chain than gasoline and the vast majority of the density difference comes from the carbon.

Diesel fuel therefore has a higher energy density per liter or 37,4 MJ/L vs. gasoline at 34.2 MJ/L.

The diesel engine is inherently more efficient since it operates at higher temperatures, but those higher temperatures encourage the formation of nitrous oxides, which occur less seldom in lower temperature burning gasoline engines.

On a CO2 basis the Diesel will have a lower output per mile due to the inherent better thermodynamic cycle of a diesel. Yet on a NOx basis the Diesel will be much worse than a gasoline on a per mile basis. The current gasoline cars don’t need NOx treatment systems so it cannot be the diesel engine is inherently cleaner as a gasoline.

The diesel system is inherently dirtier than a gasoline engine. It needs a particle filter and a De-NOx system to treat to the bad portions of the exhaust stream, where as a gasoline system doesn’t need them. The fine soot particles are cancerous. Higher pressures of the common rail system (2000 bar, 29,000 psi) are designed to reduce soot generation by better atomization of the fuel particles. Although if gasoline engine temperatures are raised, the motor could encounter NOx issues too.

One method of trying to reduce NOx is to use a post injection cycle to reduce the temperature. Common rail allows you to have multiple injections in a cycle. Pre, main, and post injection cycles. Combustion is most efficient in an oxygen rich environment. The post injection is used to make the combustion richer so that temperatures don’t go so high and the unburnt hydrocarbons get taken out in the catalytic converter. That hurts engine efficiency. VW no doubt had more post injection in the injection map when the software detected an emissions test by lack of vehicle dynamics. Idle is a real NOx generating point since minimum fuel is injected for a given amount of air. Combustion temperatures can be at their maximum here.

It is not so simple as comparing mpg’s.
I am a mechanical engineer and worked in diesel injection at Bosch for 8 years (both pumps and injectors)

Roy
Roy
March 26, 2016 10:27 am

Except for nuclear energy all energy is from the sun. Most is stored as carbons/hydrocarbons which can take up to millenniums to form starting with photosynthesis. Their is no such thing as clean energy or renewable energy if you consider external costs.

The largest gasoline engine, the 27 cylinder radial aircraft produces 4ooo hp while the largest diesel engine produces 108,000 hp. The difference is due to combustion rates, not energy available when burned for heat.

Gasoline is distilled from crude oil at between 150 – 200 degrees Centigrade. Until the invention of the internal combustion engine in 1884 gasoline was a by product and dumped in the rivers, The diesel engine was invented in 1894.

Gasoline engines are 25% to 30% efficient while diesels are 50% efficient. Gasoline powered vehicles are the poster child for our waste based economy as all they do is provide light duty vehicles that run around in circles.

Diesel engines do all the heavy lifting. Agriculture and industrialization are totally dependent on diesel. Without diesel farming would revert to the Amish and Mennonite horse farming. Strip mining would stop.

Our owners are aware of this and want to get diesel cars off the road and use diesel only for heavy lifting. All bleeding eventually stops but this will prolong the bleeding.

I have always considered Rube Goldberg Americas greatest engineer/inverter.