Where’s the Beef? – Not on the Horizon

Guest Post by Tom Luongo

The reports continue to come in that there’s a real problem with the U.S. food supply. From McDonald’s reviewing their supply chain for beef to the pleas of ranchers already staring at feeding issues with last year’s poor harvests the signs are there for a major supply dislocation in beef going forward.

Kroger is limiting the amount of beef and pork people can buy. My local Winn-Dixie has had limits on large cuts of pork for the past couple of weeks. Porn loins have been gone for weeks now, so no pork jerky for us, which is a tragedy.

Now Wendy’s, which doesn’t use frozen beef, is reporting more than 20% of their stores are out of beef.

Stephens analyst James Rutherford noted 18% of Wendy’s restaurants were “completely sold out of beef items as of Monday evening,” reported Bloomberg.

“By our count 1,043 Wendy’s units were selling zero beef items yesterday evening,” but within the figure, about 128 restaurants were still selling beef chili. Rutherford added that the shortage varies across the country and said some restaurants still have full menus, while states like Ohio, Michigan, Tennessee, Connecticut, and New York are “fully out of fresh beef.” The note also said Wendy’s is “more exposed” to meat shortages because of its reliance on fresh beef compared with its competitors.

If you subscribe, like I do now, to the idea that this Coronapocalypse is mostly a cover story for the failures of the global financial and political system to usher in a new round of totalitarian control then destroying the most vulnerable, yet important, part of our food supply would be a key strategic goal.

My talk with Patrick Henningsen of 21st Century Wire recently covered the motive, means and opportunity for why this perspective should be our default setting.

But this beef shortage has been a year in the making. Last year because of poor grain harvests, especially corn, where millions of bushels came in at quality not even fit for silage, we were already expecting disruptions in the beef market as ranchers were thinning herds and bidding up the price of feeder calves earlier in year.

I’ve spoken with ranchers here in Florida about this. And this is an area which 1) grows a lot of cows, and 2) where meat packing plants have been mostly unaffected by COVID-19. So, it’s important when I tell you this dynamic in January and February has completely reversed itself.

Finished cattle are fetching excellent prices while feeders are down. Comex Live Cattle futures, however, have yet to get the news because the dislocation in the supply chain has farmers slaughtering animals faster than they can be processed and brought to market.

And just like in the oil industry, once you kill a heifer or cap a well it takes a long time to bring that lost supply back into the supply chain.

Moreover, the supply bottlenecks are not at the independent processors, but the large scale ones who are optimized to feed this meat into the restaurant and food service supply chain rather than to the supermarkets.

And even then, they are experiencing shortages, which means there is a real dislocation in the supply chain that isn’t going to be easy to unwind.

More than chicken or pork, beef is vulnerable because of the life cycle of the cow and the time necessary to rebuild a robust supply chain. And with huge uncertainty in the market right now who can blame ranchers for conserving cash and being defensive.

This is no different than any another commodity with high start up costs. It involves high risk and a long time to return on that risk. So when the market gets ugly, better safe than sorry.

Why?

Because animals take a long time to recover when lost. I’ve been there, I’ve lost dairy goats to disease. Not only does it break your heart losing an animal you’ve bottle raised but you’ve lost years of input costs and future production.

For a cattle rancher looking at slaughtering middle-aged, productive heifers because of poor market conditions the time is prohibitive. Here’s the data for how long it takes to replace the lost production from this year because it was slaughtered as opposed to birthing next year’s food.

Animal Gestation (days) Avg. Litter Size Time to Maturity (months) Breeder Replacement Time (months) Time to Market (months) Market Replacement Time (months)
Goat 150 2 10 15 6 ~21
Chicken 22 2 4.5 5.5 2 ~7
Cattle 330 1 24 46 30 ~76
Pigs 114 9 10 11 4 ~15
Sheep 5 1.5 10 16.5 6 ~23

Shave a month or two off these times depending on breed, conditions etc. but the basic math is inarguable. Slaughtering a productive heifer takes around six years to replace.

Pigs aren’t nearly as bad. This is why the pork industry can bounce back so quickly from swine flu outbreaks.

And guess who can ill afford to lose these heifers? The smaller ranchers working on thinner margins because they have fewer animals to spread fixed costs over.

If you think the fixed costs due to government-mandated food safety and the like will be lightened in the coming years, then I suggest you are terminally naive. If anything it will get worse for domestic producers.

Because we’ve blown open gaping holes in government budgets which can’t be filled with deficit spending. So, we’ll see more stringent enforcement of petty crimes and an increase in fines which always fall hardest on the smaller producers who don’t have the resources or political clout to fight them.

In fact, this is what I’ve been banging on about as the real problem with our response to the financial crisis and the Coronapocalypse. Why has the private sector been shut down, tens of millions thrown out of work, while no one is talking about downsizing the costs of local, state and federal government agencies?

As a libertarian I want to see freedom return to the food production industry, the barriers to small farmers torn down and the assumption of risk placed back on the consumer and producer equally rather than the government through the USDA providing the false security of its stamp of approval and leaving the door open to systemic corruption and inefficiency.

Why are the productive members of society losing their jobs by the millions? These are the people who produce the taxes which pay for all this wonderful government oversight which is responsible for clogging up the supply chains for everything from oil to beef to paper products.

Shouldn’t they be the ones at work? Shouldn’t the secretaries, janitors, administrators, middle managers, statisticians, HR managers, lawyers, assistants and department heads who cost taxes to pay their salaries be the ones on the unemployment lines?

How many jobs could we save by downsizing, right now, the Federal government back to levels seen just ten years ago? Imagine how much cheaper things would be if most of the USDA and Department of Agriculture were laid off right now and those savings used to not pay farmers to plough under crops to maintain prices or slaughter animals which are now financial burdens.

Imagine how many lives wouldn’t be needlessly destroyed (the stock) and disrupted (the people) while we quickly reorient capital spending towards the things we truly need.

Now what if instead of freaking out and destroying our society and our food supply about a disease not much worse than the annual flu our state and local governments did the same things?

At the end of the day the costs are the costs and bailing out one side of the tax ledger is demonstrably more expensive than bailing out the other. Because every private worker laid off is another one not paying taxes to support the job of the government worker.

And we still have to pay both unemployment and the government worker’s salary. If you fire the government worker, you just have to pay his unemployment. The salary and the benefits are eliminated.

If we have to downsize and tighten our belts during a crisis, why shouldn’t we start with the true luxury item, government itself.

Beef isn’t a luxury item it is a response to our expanded and diverse division of labor which allows us to utilize the vast lands of North America to grow cattle, lands beautifully suited to the task with people happy to make their living doing so.

But it will not continue so long as busybodies and ideologues continue standing in the way of our solving real problems.

The problem isn’t the farmers, the truckers, the refrigeration companies and the consumers, the problem is where it always is, in the decrees of clueless government officials with a pretense of knowledge who use their monopoly power over pointing guns and using force to stand in the way of progress during the good times and fixing what’s broken during the bad.

And until we get this through our thick heads, until we stop looking for handouts and bailouts we will have no one to blame but ourselves, especially when the pantries are empty and hamburger is $12 a pound.

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20 Comments
CharlieWiskey
CharlieWiskey
May 5, 2020 4:30 pm

Unless someone can correct me, I can’t remember any time in history where government has become smaller because it was good for the people. I doubt very much it will be different for the USA. If anyone is looking to place responsibility for where it failed, then look no further than the people that are being governed. It was by their request or lack of interest that allowed all this to grow out of control. Sadly I have to include all individuals including myself because we are all responsible to some degree.

Solutions Are Obvious
Solutions Are Obvious
  CharlieWiskey
May 5, 2020 4:55 pm

Many gov’ts have become smaller through the centuries. They’ve entirely disappeared as a matter of fact, and that is smaller. The US Fed Gov will follow that pattern eventually, just as the USSR did, and hopefully soon.

I feel you premise your remarks on a fiction – that the public ever had any control over the Fed Gov. Voting is for fools that keep doing it and keep expecting a different result. Elect jerk Trump and Hillary will go on trial, Guantanamo will close, the wars will end, the deep state will be vanquished, MAGA, etc. All bullshit that sold well at election time and was conveniently dropped after the inauguration.

There is no democracy in the US. It is a kakistocracy, a kleptocracy, an oligopoly, and several other characterizations none of which have any input from the slave population. They can all be lumped together and called a dictatorship by committee.

Now you correct me if I’m wrong.

gman
gman
  Solutions Are Obvious
May 5, 2020 8:00 pm

“Voting is for fools”

’cause the only vote needed is yours. yes?

Anonymous
Anonymous
  CharlieWiskey
May 5, 2020 5:00 pm

I don’t accept any of your responsibility because I had nothing to do w/ the decisions made that got
us here other than I have to live here. If you want to blame me (and others of like mind) then put us in control.

gman
gman
  Anonymous
May 5, 2020 7:59 pm

“I have to live here”

no you don’t. you live here in the nation others have built because it’s easier than building your own.

“If you want to blame me … then put us in control.”

then you’ll get blamed even more. but that will be everyone else’s problem, yes?

gman
gman
  CharlieWiskey
May 5, 2020 8:06 pm

“we are all responsible to some degree”

some more than others. but yes.

starfcker
starfcker
  CharlieWiskey
May 6, 2020 12:00 am

Speak for yourself, chump. I bear no responsibility for this mess at all. Neither do most of the other posters here.

gman
gman
  starfcker
May 6, 2020 9:51 am

“I bear no responsibility for this mess at all.”

yeah, it’s all somebody else’s fault.

Lee Harvey Griswald
Lee Harvey Griswald
May 5, 2020 5:59 pm

Porn loins? What Freud’s wife wears under her dress?

Last sentence 2nd paragraph.

Cow Doctor
Cow Doctor
May 5, 2020 7:22 pm

A heifer is a 2 year old female having her first calf. After she has her first calf she is called a cow. In a situation like this you do not slaughter ( proper term is cull) heifers and younger cows. You get rid of the oldest cows first. Granted when times and markets call for increasing herd size then yes it will take 2 years to replace a culled cow with a new heifer, if you do not want to introduce outside animals into your herd ( I don’t agree with his times listed in his chart for replacements and time to market). Cattle market is highly cyclical and herd size and cattle prices go up and down generally on an approximately 7 year cycle. This may stretch things out a bit. Want to ensure your freezer is full, make friends with a rancher/farmer. You buy the meat on the hoof straight from them and have it slaughtered and processed at a small rural butcher. Some of the best meat I can get is a grass fed 1 and 1/2 year old “Open”, meaning she did not become pregnant, replacement heifer in the fall of the year right after the rancher has his cows and heifers pregnancy checked.

niebo
niebo
  Cow Doctor
May 6, 2020 2:01 am

Thanks for the clarityfication.

Just made that up.

But I think you get my south KY, redneck carpenter, barn-builder, back-assward ways.

Still, this “crisis” is part of the plandemic . . . to bring “us” to our knees and . . . haha . . . beg for the solution the problem that THEY caused. Or not. I for one am real curious where this is about to go, and I’m still not sure who is running out of time, THEM or US.

Hardscrabble Farmer
Hardscrabble Farmer
  Cow Doctor
May 6, 2020 6:56 am

I was about to correct that, good catch. To be fair he doesn’t raise cattle so he doesn’t understand the distinction.

This year has been unreal for us so far not only for finished product but livestock. I have litters pre-sold for the next two rounds. That’s never happened before. I also have several long time friends who have given us a big hand with both processing and capital for some expansion because they want to insure that they don’t run out of protein going forward.

I guess we’re about to see the difference between farmers and industrial ag producers going head to head on a somewhat level playing field. Prices in stores have not only caught up to our previously “high cost” meat, but gone beyond.

Cow Doctor
Cow Doctor
  Hardscrabble Farmer
May 6, 2020 8:51 am

Your increase in business is not surprising. The fact that you also have the ability to slaughter and process on site is also a big plus. I can only wish I had such a setup.

Hardscrabble Farmer
Hardscrabble Farmer
May 6, 2020 7:26 am

Oh man..

Worth a read.

This guy is not a farmer, he’s an industrial pork producer and his explanation of what is taking place in the Industrial Ag sector gives you a pretty good idea of why that system is doomed. Note the words used like efficiency, margins, pipelines, etc. Not the kind of words associated with natural systems, but rather industrialized ones.

Montefrío
Montefrío
May 6, 2020 9:51 am

I was about to skip this article because I was thinking “this horse has been beaten enough”, but very glad I didn’t. “The chart is worth its weight in gold!” I said to myself. Then I saw Cow Doctor and HSF’s clarification comments (thanks guys) and now believe I’ve learned something of value. My son (a marine engineer and water well driller) wants to introduce chicken and sheep on our place, but I’ve been telling him to hold off until we know a bit more about the subject. The article and clarification will aid me in making my point.

And speaking of horses, why is no one suggesting horse meat as another meat option? It’s eaten in Europe and elsewhere and I well remember enjoying a nice bowl of “hee-haw spaghetti”. And yes, sometimes the lowly mule made an appearance. I also remember being a cub reporter in Greenwich, CT, nearly 50 years ago (pre-hedge-fund-manager-heaven) when someone opened a horse meat butcher shop. I was assigned to cover the protest demonstration. Having lived there, I knew a number of the participants (all female). Opera buffa at its finest. I wonder how they’d all feel about it now?

I live in Argentina and the phrase “sacred cow” has real meaning here. Horses, however, come in a close second and eating them is strictly taboo. Go figure!

Mac
Mac
May 6, 2020 11:47 am

This article is total BS. I’m a beef producer in Western SD and there is a surplus of cattle in our area and nationwide. The disconnect is to process and move the vast numbers of beef cattle, hogs and poultry and dairy because of problems in the industry caused by plant shutdowns related to Covid-19. The other disconnect is the price difference between live cattle prices-about $95 per hundredweight and boxed beef prices at about $4.37 per pound. Live cattle prices are at at a ten year low, while wholesale boxed beef prices are at an all-time historical high. Feedlots, hog producers, dairy farmers are begging for someone to take the unprocessed animals and milk at almost any price. What we don’t need is more pontification from all the Covidiots out there.

Cow Doctor
Cow Doctor
  Mac
May 6, 2020 3:14 pm

Cow/calf guys always seem to take it in the shorts. Your spot on, glut of animals at the start of the the chain. Covid FUBAR at the packing plants. Then decreased available processed beef at the end of the chain. Hence supply glut low prices for the base producers and supply scarcity and high prices for the processed/box beef seller.

Ethan Allen
Ethan Allen
May 6, 2020 2:28 pm

LOL @ “porn” loins. Yeah, I like those too. Don’t tell my wife tho.

Anonymous
Anonymous
May 6, 2020 4:45 pm

I’m confused by the picture at the start of the article. What are used cattle and how do they differ from new cattle. Do new cattle have something like lane-keeping software and backup cameras. I know I’m missing something here (besides a few bricks short of a full load).

Hardscrabble Farmer
Hardscrabble Farmer
  Anonymous
May 7, 2020 6:43 am

In the industrialized model every cut must be the same for portion control and sales. A cow or a pig going into the industrial model of slaughter has to be a specific size which means a certain age, usually two years old for cattle- predominantly steers- neutered bulls- and 9 months for a hog.

As animals age they get larger. We routinely slaughter our hogs at roughly 500 pounds whereas the industrial model prefers and animal half that size. Used cattle refers to older animals that are coming out of cow/calf operations after they’ve thrown enough calves and these are almost always turned into ground beef. USDA doesn’t even allow a cow over the age of 30 months to run through their lines unless it’s at the end of the day. Supposedly it’s because of BSE. Not sure how it’s any different to process one at the end of the day or the middle of it if there’s an inspector looking at each animal before it enters like they are supposed to. I’ve been to too many slaughterhouses to learn that you are lucky if the inspector walks through the plant once a day, never mind inspects each animal. That does not happen so when you see the little blue “Inspected by the USDA” it’s a credential, not evidence of an inspection.

Everything is a lie in the current era. Every person killed by food borne sickness last year got it by eating an approved food from a credentialed operation controlled by the government. It’s just another of their myriad scams to make people feel safe while accomplishing nothing and now we get a glimpse of how well designed their supply chains and cheap food operations work.