I Learned I Have Sleep Apnea. It’s More Serious Than Many People Realize.

Via the NYT

One of the lighter moments along my journey to receiving a sleep apnea diagnosis was learning that “heroic snoring” is a clinical term. It sounds more like an oddball super power — snores that can be clearly heard through walls. Many of us have such a snorer in our lives, and some endure the disruption it causes nightly.

We hardly need research to appreciate the difficulties this poses. Yet some studies on it have been done, and they document that snoring can lead to marital disruption, and that snorers’ bed partners can experience insomnia, headaches and daytime fatigue.

But heroic (and less-than-heroic) snoring can also be a sign of an even deeper problem: obstructive sleep apnea, which is marked by a collapse of the upper airway leading to shallow breathing or breathing cessation that causes decreases in blood oxygen.

Sleep apnea can be downright deadly, and not just for those who have it. It’s associated with a greater risk of depression, heart attacks, strokes and other cardiovascular conditions, as well as insulin resistance.

As I learned, there’s no reason to meekly accept sleep apnea: There are many treatment options that can control it.

The stakes are not small. In the last five years, crashes involving an Amtrak train in South Carolina, a Long Island Rail Road train, a New Jersey Transit train and a Metro-North train in the Bronx have resulted in multiple deaths, hundreds of injuries and tens of millions of dollars in property damage. Undiagnosed or untreated sleep apnea were blamed in each case.

And these are far from the only sleep apnea-related accidents involving trains, buses, tractor-trailers and automobiles. Up to 30 percent of motor vehicle crashes are caused by sleepy drivers. Drivers with sleep apnea are nearly five times more likely to be involved in a motor vehicle accident than other drivers. One study found that 20 percent of American truck drivers admit to falling asleep at traffic lights.

You can have sleep apnea without being a loud snorer, just as you can snore without having sleep apnea. But because they’re related, what controls sleep apnea also controls snoring. A variety of machines and devices, even surgery for extreme cases, can address both conditions. But relative to the population that snores (about 40 percent of adults) or that has sleep apnea (about 25 percent of adults), few are diagnosed or get treatment. One study, for example, found that 90 percent of people with sleep apnea aren’t diagnosed.

There are several reasons the condition often goes undiagnosed and untreated. For one, it’s not always evident you have it. Though sleep apnea disrupts sleep, you usually remain unconscious while it does so, and not everyone with the condition notices feeling tired or snores in ways that seem problematic. I can attest to the fact that even light sleepers and occasional (non-heroic) snorers (like me) can have sleep apnea and not know it.

But it ultimately wears you down. If snoring doesn’t drive you to the doctor, fatigue may. Still, many power through, gradually becoming too tired to perform their jobs well or safely. Untreated train, bus and truck drivers clearly pose a significant public safety risk.

Definitively diagnosing the condition requires a sleep test — either at home, or more extensively in a lab. Getting wired up for bed isn’t much fun, which is another reason people may avoid seeking a diagnosis. Professional drivers and train operators also may worry that doing so could threaten their livelihood. To dodge screens for the condition, they may underreport feeling drowsy.

There may also be fear of sleep apnea treatments. The gold standard for treatment is a continuous positive airway pressure machine, which forces the airway open with pressure delivered through a mask. The prospect of sleeping with a mask, and next to a machine, can be off-putting and, for some, uncomfortable. Compliance with treatment is about 60 percent. But the devices have become far more comfortable and quiet over the years. (The newest models are entirely silent.)

For obese patients, losing weight can reverse sleep apnea. But keeping the weight off is notoriously hard.

Other options include oral appliances (think of them as fancy mouth guards), nasal patches and, for extreme cases, surgery. Costs for devices can range from hundreds of dollars to thousands. Even at the high end, you may feel a considerable boost in quality of life that could be worth the cost.

Although these options work for snoring, too, insurance won’t cover them for that condition. Similar over-the-counter oral appliances are cheaper, but less extensively studied, making it hard to say for whom they will work well. Studies document that patients use over-the-counter versions less, perhaps because they may be less comfortable than professionally customized ones. So, although snoring is highly curable, the cost and uncertainty of exactly how to do so may be a barrier for many to treat it.

There’s a public safety interest in treating sleep apnea more widely. Yet last summer, in an effort to reduce regulations, the Trump administration withdrew a proposed rule that would have required drivers of trucks and buses, as well as railroad engineers, to be tested for the condition. This may be one area where a little more regulation is warranted.

Austin Frakt is director of the Partnered Evidence-Based Policy Resource Center at the V.A. Boston Healthcare System; associate professor with Boston University’s School of Public Health; and adjunct associate professor with the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. He blogs at The Incidental Economist, and you can follow him on Twitter. @afrakt

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27 Comments
Dave
Dave
July 2, 2018 10:22 am

My wife has been a heroic snorer for the 54 years we’ve been married. We slept in separate rooms for years. We are back in the same bed now, but I solved the problem with Mack’s Foam Earplugs and Belsomra. I hear nothing.

Dutchman
Dutchman
July 2, 2018 10:40 am

What’s with this site – it must have loaded 100 ad’s – had to keep scrolling and scrolling – freaks / bimbos / duct tape on feet / strange vegetables / whores / dogs / vacation spots / you name it.

TampaRed
TampaRed
  Dutchman
July 2, 2018 12:43 pm

dutch,
sometimes it happens to me also,and not just here but every site i go on–it’s almost like every ad company has overcome my adblocker at once–
try shutting your computer down & when you turn it back on run a scan–

Guy White
Guy White
  Dutchman
July 2, 2018 12:54 pm

You are using the wrong browser, one intended for progs and Dindu.

The Moran
The Moran
  Dutchman
July 2, 2018 3:47 pm

Heroic revenue collecting versus heroic scrolling. Which will win out?

Joe Fahy
Joe Fahy
July 2, 2018 10:52 am

I have severe sleep apnea.

A few issues with the article:
>>>Definitively diagnosing the condition requires a sleep test — either at home, or more extensively in a lab.
A ~$100 recording fingertip pulse oximeter and a tablet/computer for the data display and analysis software is what you need to self determine if you have sleep apnea. Wearing the fingertip sensor and wristwatch like recorder every night for at least a week is far better than a >$5000 one night sleep study in the basement of some hospital. My wife wore it just to see what her breathing was like. Some nights her levels were great, nights when she snored the levels weren’t so great. One night is too hit or miss. Even marginal SA benefits from some intervention. When I wore it the first week, there were periods where my SpO2 levels went from 96% down to 70% and stayed there for MINUTES. This is bad, very bad. Your Saturated Peripheral Oxygen % should always be >90%, preferably >96%. The limits of the tech is ~70%, so I don’t know how low mine actually went. I regularly , once a month at a minimum, wear the pulse oximeter, just to maintain my awareness of my sleeping SpO2 levels.

>>>The gold standard for treatment is a continuous positive airway pressure machine

Not true. The new standard depends on what you will tolerate(this stuff isn’t great for intimate evenings!), and the particular flavor of SA that you are cursed with. The easiest machine to tolerate for obstructive SA is an adaptive pressure machine. Using an internal pressure sensor and an algorithm, it increases air pressure regularly to better ventilate you when you inhale and then decreases air pressure to dramatically reduce the effort to exhale. This very quiet machine with a very small nasal pillow held onto you head with a lightweight headband, imagine a couple of earplugs that rest on and slightly in your nostrils with the attached air hose, is a HUGE IMPROVEMENT over the nose and mouth covering mask and CPAP machine I started with. There is simply no comparison. The adaptive nature of the machine allows it to sense how much pressure you require on inhale and supply that much. My setup has reduced the pressure from 16″ water column on inhale when I started with this machine down to as little as 9″ of water column most recently. The baseline pressure is 7″ of water column.

One significant issue with this nasal pillow system is: you must sleep with your mouth shut for it to work. Fortunately if your mouth opens with this system, the pressurized air will cause your glottis to vibrate and that will wake you up. Well it did me. It is really unpleasant, so you learn pretty fast to sleep with your mouth shut. You can also augment with some surgical tape over your mouth. It is what it is.

There is another form of SA, Central SA, which from what I have read is very difficult to treat. This is where the brain just stops the breathing process. Scary shit.

There are also dental gadgets that secure your jaws in a way that keeps the tongue from falling back and obstructing your airway.

Another technique that I use, in addition to the machine, is a tubular cervical pillow. This is from the first aid community and automatically causes a chin thrust position, when I sleep on my back, to help keep the airway clear. The trick is to get the right diameter to just support your neck, not your shoulders, while allowing the back of your head to just touch the mattress. There are inflatable versions that greatly facilitate this, though a rolled up towel can work. Using this pillow has another positive affect in that it helps to restore the correct cervical spinal curvature that we all destroy while using these damn pixel pushing screens. This pillow alone was responsible for eliminating some pretty severe hip pain I had been having. If you don’t do anything else, try the cervical pillow. It has multiple good outcomes and is completely passive.

You do not need a Rx to get the Adaptive pressure machine. And with the recording pulse oximeter, you don’t need a Rx for that ridiculously priced sleep study. Consult with your Dr. if you must, but it is your life.

Best,
Joe

Wip
Wip
  Joe Fahy
July 2, 2018 11:48 am

I didn’t read your comment before I posted mine. Thanks, I’ll look into the cervical pillow and the adaptive solution since it doesn’t require an RX.

Thanks.

Joe Fahy
Joe Fahy
  Wip
July 2, 2018 12:34 pm

Hi Wip,

Here are the sources I used:

CMS-50F finger mounted, recording pulse oximeter~$140 w/ bluetooth   WIN software  pulseoximeter.org
Resmed Airfit P10 nasal pillow system ~$110   secondwindcpap.com
Phillips Dreammaker Auto CPAP w/humidifier ~$740   secondwindcpap.com

I don’t use the humidifier, but I thought I might. You might want some extra filters for it too.

From Amazon.com
GreenMoon Inflatable roll Pillow Adjustable Cervical Roll Pillow for Neck Support,Round Neck Pillow,Neck Pain,Portable Neck Pillow (foam+rubber core)
3.9 out of 5 stars 47 customer reviews
| 9 answered questions
Price: $34.99

This has a little bb as the check valve. I didn’t RTFM, so it kept deflating. Once I got my head out, and set the bb corectly, it has stayed inflated for >6mo no problems.

Best,

Joe

Work-In-Progress
Work-In-Progress
  Joe Fahy
July 2, 2018 2:04 pm

Joe, this is why the internet is so great. Thank you.

Purplefrog
Purplefrog
  Joe Fahy
July 2, 2018 6:11 pm

A few month after my heart attack (congestive heart failure) in November, I develop central sleep apnea. I then had a sleep study done in May. It showed 80% obstructive and 20% central. For me the effect of central goes way beyond 20%. Mayo Clinic has an article on Central Apnea. According to Mayo, as the heart strengthen, the central will/might go away. The procedure I am using for heart rehabilitation is call EECP (Enhanced External Counter Pulsation). Check out EECP.com. It is phenomenal. BTW, I am on Medicare, otherwise I couldn’t afford this stuff.

For obstructive apnea I am getting fitted later this week for an oral appliance that keeps the lower jaw slightly forward to move the tongue forward enough to open the breathing pathway while sleeping. I have been using SnoreRX, but it is just to bulky.
Good luck to all in dealing with apnea. It’s terrible. I once went 2 days without sleep. Bourbon solved that for awhile until the EECP became available.

LGR
LGR
  Joe Fahy
July 3, 2018 8:44 am

Very informative comment, Mr. Fahy. Good info.

Wip
Wip
July 2, 2018 11:32 am

A couple of fucked up things…

1) you have to get a sleep study twice. A before and after. $700 for each study.
2) you must get a prescription for the cpap device.
3) cpap costs $1,200+ for a device which has no high tech. In my case, the Dr., the sleep study and the cpap were all separate entities but located in what appeared to be the same office making is seem as though I was dealing with 1 entity. Confusing and, I would say, fraudulant. After a month I started to receive recurring charges. I do not remember what the charges were for but I called and had them stopped. Robbery.
4) the device has no adjustment. All adjustments have to be done by a tech and requires additional sleep studies. Robbery.
5) most people give up on the device because it won’t stay on during sleep. If I does stay on, it loses its effectiveness because it won’t stay airtight.
6) all hoses, masks and other acutrimon are considered medical devices which means exorbitant pricing. Robbery.

Chubby Bubbles
Chubby Bubbles
  Wip
July 2, 2018 8:30 pm

Now even the replacement masks require a prescription!! FUCK THEM!

MrLiberty
MrLiberty
  Chubby Bubbles
July 2, 2018 9:50 pm

There are ways around that. Shop around. Many places tell you how to avoid the prescription requirement (buy mask and headgear separately, etc.). In some cases, you can purchase just the silicone seals that wear out rather than the entire mask (ResMed Quattro is one that has replaceable parts). No prescription needed for “parts.”

Frank
Frank
July 2, 2018 11:53 am

Tested positive for sleep apnea.
After trying the CPAP for a year, I found out I could handle it by dropping 40 pounds of weight and stop eating all milk products.

Work-In-Progress
Work-In-Progress
  Frank
July 2, 2018 2:06 pm

Frank,

How did you figure out you had to quit milk products?

Frank
Frank
  Work-In-Progress
July 2, 2018 9:21 pm

I went on a restricted diet for other reasons, and found that removing milk products led to reduced mucus blocking my nasal passages.
I used to have to blow my nose a lot, so I’m guessing it was a low grade allergy to milk.
I have read of others who had similar issues with milk, with varying symptoms – one would fly into a towering rage.

Guy White
Guy White
July 2, 2018 12:39 pm

My sympathies. I too am recently diagnosed with sleep apnea, and am completing my first week on a CPAP with nasal pillows. Unfortunately I expect to be determined to have Central Sleep Apnea with high-drive Cheyne-Stokes Breathing – a minimal brain dis function with no cure.

There is lots to learn Best wishes.

ETA: My machine cost ~$600 and is reasonably high-tech with built in cellphone modem reporting my daily stats and capable of being upgraded over the air. My machine has some user available adjustments, and the clinician adjustments are accessible. It does sound as if you have mask leak issues. Look into nasal pillows. There is at least one on-line forum discussing SA/XPAP issues, read them with a large dose of skepticism – there is much ignorance there.

ETAII: Surgical tape hohoho. I’m using duct tape out of my garage. But, yeah, I am not a mouth breather and had no idea of the pressure involved. When my jaw relaxes in REM sleep then I blew raspberries loudly enough to awaken. Not so with duct tape.

TampaRed
TampaRed
July 2, 2018 12:51 pm

if you guys will sleep on your side w/a pillow against your back to keep you from rolling over onto your back it will probably take care of many of your problems–
try going to bed much earlier then your wife for a few nights so that you’ll be sound asleep when she comes to bed & she will probably be able to tell you if it’s working–

JIMSKI
JIMSKI
July 2, 2018 1:24 pm

I have said it before and I will say it again. If you can not eat, drink or sleep without medical intervention it is god telling you enough is enough and die already.

GEEZE.

Coalclinker
Coalclinker
  JIMSKI
July 2, 2018 5:40 pm

Hey fucktard, I’ve had sleep apnea for years and I’m a BIG guy but all of my vitals are VERY GOOD. I have no precursors to cardiovascular disease, blood sugar is normal and cholesterol measurements are very low. When I exercise by walking around the City Cemetery I notice that 80 years ago many men died in their early 50’s. This was mainly due to sleep apnea wearing out the heart. Years later they figured it out and build CPAP machines which are a blessing. Much heart disease by and after mid-life has been caused by sleep apnea, and use of a CPAP machine greatly extends life.
As far a God telling me to die, I think he already decided on me. Sometime back I had a freak and sudden medical condition that for every 10 that have it, 5 immediately die and 4 more become crippled, speechless, and deaf vegetables. The 4 vegetables have a 50% of getting slammed again within a year, and usually die shortly after getting worse. I was in the 1 out of 10 that survive as a complete functioning human, and I show “0” signs of ever having it. The doctors are still amazed and shake their heads, so I reckon I ain’t dying anytime soon.

TJF
TJF
July 2, 2018 1:38 pm

I got a CPAP back in 2009. Felt like being waterboarded. Slept worse with it than without it, so stopped using it after 6 months or so. Still alive. Considering trying the dental appliance route. My dentist makes them.

Work-In-Progress
Work-In-Progress
  TJF
July 2, 2018 2:09 pm

I was quoted $3,000 for that solution.

MadMike
MadMike
July 2, 2018 2:37 pm

My wife has a cure that makes us both happy.
She sits on my face.

Anonymous
Anonymous
  MadMike
July 2, 2018 7:32 pm

So the queefs keep you ventilated?

downeasthillbilly
downeasthillbilly
July 2, 2018 8:16 pm

WIP,
The medical supply house will tell you that you can’t change the setting, but in truth, you can do it yourself. Do a web search for operating your CPAP model. It will likely be something akin to CTRL-ALT-DEL on your PC. It worked for me. Thanks everyone for the interesting commentary and new info to research.

Wip
Wip
  downeasthillbilly
July 3, 2018 12:52 am

I will do that.